Peptide academy

A synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from a protein found in gastric juice, studied for soft-tissue repair.

An actin-binding peptide fragment studied for cell migration and tissue remodeling.

A long-acting GLP-1 analog with extensive human trial data for glycemic and weight outcomes.

A dual incretin agonist with the strongest published weight-loss outcomes of the class.

A pentapeptide ghrelin mimetic that stimulates growth hormone with minimal cortisol impact.

A modified growth hormone releasing hormone analog with extended half-life.

A pineal-derived tetrapeptide studied for telomerase activity and circadian regulation.

A heptapeptide nootropic developed in Russia for stroke recovery and cognitive load.

A triple incretin agonist with the largest weight reductions seen in a phase 2 trial.

A long-acting amylin analog studied for weight management, often combined with GLP-1 agonists.

A dual-pathway metabolic blend pairing an amylin analog with a GLP-1 agonist.

A research blend pairing the triple agonist retatrutide with the amylin analog cagrilintide.

A melanocortin agonist approved in some regions for photoprotection in erythropoietic protoporphyria.

A cyclic melanocortin analog studied for tanning, with notable sexual side effects.

A topical cosmetic peptide marketed as a botox-like expression-line reducer.

A nonapeptide originally isolated from rabbit brain, studied for sleep and stress modulation.

A first-generation hexapeptide ghrelin mimetic that strongly stimulates GH — and hunger.

The long-acting DAC variant of CJC-1295, sustaining GH elevation for days per injection.

The classic synergistic GH secretagogue pairing in a single vial.

The endogenous bonding hormone, studied intranasally for social cognition and anxiety.

The shortest functional GHRH fragment, once FDA-approved for pediatric GH deficiency diagnosis.

The popular recovery pairing of BPC-157 and TB-500 in one vial.

Higher-content version of the BPC-157 / TB-500 recovery blend for longer cycles.

An FDA-approved melanocortin agonist for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women.

A popular research blend combining soft-tissue repair peptides with a copper peptide for skin and tissue remodeling.

A modified IGF-1 with extended half-life and reduced binding-protein affinity, studied in muscle-wasting models.

An FDA-approved GHRH analog for reducing excess abdominal fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy.

A Russian-developed anxiolytic heptapeptide derived from the immune peptide tuftsin.

Boehringer Ingelheim's dual agonist in phase 3 for obesity and MASH (metabolic liver disease).

A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide studied for skin remodeling and wound healing.

An erythropoietin-derived peptide that activates the innate repair receptor without raising red blood cell counts.

A thymic peptide extract developed in Russia, studied for immune restoration in aging.

A 28-aa thymic peptide approved in 30+ countries as an immune adjuvant for hepatitis and oncology support.

A mitochondrial-genome-encoded peptide studied for metabolic homeostasis and exercise capacity.

Lilly/Innovent's dual agonist, approved in China for weight management.

A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide studied in heart failure, mitochondrial myopathy and aging.

The body's master antioxidant tripeptide, used in research for redox support and detoxification pathways.

A small-molecule nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibitor studied in obesity models.

A purified FSH/LH preparation used clinically for fertility and studied for endogenous testosterone support.

A modified GH fragment developed as an anti-obesity agent that failed to win approval but remains popular in research.

The central redox coenzyme, administered IV or subcutaneously in longevity clinics for cellular energy support.

An endogenous 28-aa neuropeptide studied for inflammatory and CIRS-related conditions.

The anti-inflammatory tripeptide tail of alpha-MSH, studied for gut and skin inflammation.

A research-catalog item distributed under the LC216 identifier; composition varies by supplier.

A research-catalog item distributed under the LC120 identifier; composition varies by supplier.

A marketed cosmetic fat-dissolving injection blend (bromelain, lecithin, riboflavin) popular in aesthetics clinics.

Essential cobalamin vitamin, commonly injected in research and clinic settings for energy and deficiency correction.

The master upstream regulator of the reproductive hormone axis, studied for fertility and libido.

A Russian peptide bioregulator studied for neuroprotection and age-related cognitive decline.

The standard multi-dose reconstitution solvent for research peptides.

An experimental peptide designed to kill cancer cells by disrupting their mitochondrial membranes.

A four-component research blend combining GHK-Cu, TB-500, BPC-157 and KPV for systemic repair plus anti-inflammatory coverage.

A modified Semax variant with an adamantane group, developed for greater potency and duration.

The full-length pituitary hormone that drives cortisol production, used clinically for infantile spasms and MS flares.

An engineered relaxin analog studied for anti-fibrotic effects without relaxin's cardiovascular side effects.

A Russian bioregulator tetrapeptide studied for brain cortex support and neuroregeneration.

A Russian immune-system bioregulator peptide studied for immune reconstitution.

A once-weekly GLP-1 agonist approved for type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular outcome data.

A D-retro-inverso peptide designed to selectively kill senescent cells.

A research fragment related to the GH lipolytic region, occasionally distributed in research catalogs.

A 24-aa mitochondrial peptide with cytoprotective effects studied in Alzheimer's and metabolic disease models.

A daily GLP-1 agonist approved for diabetes (Victoza) and obesity (Saxenda).

A 7-aa peptide studied as a fast-acting antidepressant research compound.

A topical cosmetic peptide that stimulates collagen production in the skin's extracellular matrix.

An experimental peptide that selectively destroys the blood vessels supplying white fat tissue.

The body's natural muscle-growth brake; research compounds target it to increase muscle mass.

A potent GnRH agonist used clinically for prostate cancer, endometriosis and puberty suppression.

Thymic peptides (thymulin is the zinc-dependent nonapeptide) studied together for immune aging.

A soluble activin receptor that blocks myostatin and related ligands, developed for muscular dystrophy.

An AMPK activator famous as an 'exercise mimetic' in endurance research.

A pegylated splice variant of IGF-1 expressed in damaged muscle, studied for local repair.

A copper tripeptide studied primarily for hair follicle stimulation and androgenetic alopecia.

The injectable neurotoxin used clinically for wrinkles, spasticity, migraine and hyperhidrosis.

The hormone that drives red blood cell production, infamous as an endurance doping agent.

An evening-support blend combining calming neurotransmitter support with sleep-hormone and amino acid components.

A seven-amino-acid blend aimed at GH-pulse support, nitric-oxide production and recovery.

A B-vitamin complex injectable targeting hair, skin and nail health.

A pharmaceutical excipient used to pegylate peptides (extending half-life) or as a laxative in OTC form.

The shuttle molecule for fatty-acid oxidation, popular in injectable fat-loss and performance stacks.

A Russian bioregulator tetrapeptide studied for bronchial and lung tissue support.

Synthetic GnRH used diagnostically and in pulsatile protocols to stimulate the reproductive axis.

A Russian vascular bioregulator peptide studied for endothelial support in aging.

A GH-axis blend pairing the approved GHRH analog tesamorelin with the selective ghrelin mimetic ipamorelin.

A hair-regrowth research peptide developed in South Korea targeting the Wnt pathway.

The most potent GHRP-class secretagogue, with additional cardioprotective research interest.

A short fragment of the TB-500 active region (typically the LKKTET actin-binding sequence) distributed as a compact repair peptide.

The body's only cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, studied for infection defense and immune modulation.

An arginine-rich BPC-157-inspired peptide marketed for tissue repair and gut support.

The non-pegylated IGF-1Ec splice variant expressed in mechanically damaged muscle.

The circulating splice isoform of follistatin, a myostatin/activin-binding protein studied for muscle growth.

The full-length follistatin isoform, more tissue-retained than FST-315, popular in research catalogs.

A truncated, hyper-potent IGF-1 variant with very low binding-protein affinity, used for localized effects.

A potent non-peptide SARM studied as a candidate male contraceptive.

An early-generation non-peptide SARM from Acadia Pharmaceuticals.

The most-studied SARM, developed for muscle wasting.

The first-in-class GLP-1 agonist, derived from Gila monster saliva (exendin-4).

A once-daily short-acting GLP-1 agonist for type 2 diabetes.

Altimmune's dual agonist in development for obesity and MASH.

Lilly's next-generation amylin analog in phase 2 for obesity.

An approved injectable amylin analog used as add-on therapy in insulin-treated diabetes.

A non-peptide weight-loss compound repurposed from Parkinson's research.

The unmodified C-terminal lipolytic fragment of growth hormone.

The endogenous pancreatic satiety hormone co-secreted with insulin; the template for pramlintide and cagrilintide.

The counter-regulatory hormone to insulin, approved for severe hypoglycemia rescue.

An endogenous gut hormone with dual GLP-1/glucagon activity, the natural template for dual agonists.

A stabilized short GHRH fragment producing pulsatile GH release without albumin binding.

A potent second-generation ghrelin-mimetic GH secretagogue.

An oral non-peptide ghrelin mimetic that elevates GH and IGF-1 for 24 hours per dose.

Pharmaceutical recombinant GH, approved for deficiency states and widely discussed in performance research.

The first recombinant GH product, containing an extra methionine residue; historical interest only.

Pharmaceutical recombinant IGF-1 approved for severe primary IGF-1 deficiency.

A doubly modified Semax variant designed for enhanced stability and potency.

A stabilized Selank variant intended to extend its short plasma half-life.

A small angiotensin-IV-derived peptide famous for extreme potency in synaptogenesis assays.

A neurotrophic peptide mimetic derived from CNTF/ciliary motifs, studied in Alzheimer's models.

A standardized mixture of neurotrophic peptides from porcine brain, used clinically in parts of Europe and Asia.

A Russian dipeptide-derived nootropic popular for memory and focus.

A dendrimeric NCAM-derived peptide studied for memory enhancement and neuroprotection.

An 8-aa neuroprotective peptide derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein.

The endogenous wakefulness neuropeptide deficient in narcolepsy, studied intranasally for alertness.

The crude pineal-gland peptide extract from which Epitalon was derived.

A mitochondrial-derived peptide from the 16S rRNA region, studied for metabolic and cytoprotective effects.

A Russian immunomodulatory dipeptide derived from thymic extracts.

A Russian liver bioregulator peptide studied for hepatoprotection.

The smallest thymic bioregulator dipeptide, studied for immune aging and geroprotection.

A Russian cardiac bioregulator peptide studied for heart-tissue support.

A Russian cartilage bioregulator peptide studied for joint and connective-tissue support.

A Russian prostate bioregulator peptide studied for age-related prostate support.

A tight-junction-modulating peptide developed for celiac disease and 'leaky gut'.

Pharmaceutical-grade vasoactive intestinal peptide studied in ARDS and pulmonary hypertension.

A thrombin-receptor-derived regenerative peptide studied for wound and bone healing.

The endogenous melanocortin peptide with potent anti-inflammatory and pigmentary actions.

The broader family of MSH/ACTH-derived peptides with pigmentary, anti-inflammatory, sexual and metabolic effects.

Specialized low-dose peptide antigen preparations used by some practitioners for immune tolerance support.

The short active C-terminal decapeptide of kisspeptin, used in research for acute LH/FSH stimulation.

The longer circulating kisspeptin form studied in fertility and reproductive-behavior trials.

A placental glycoprotein hormone that mimics LH, used clinically for fertility and testicular function.

The hypothalamic decapeptide that commands the entire reproductive axis.

A GnRH agonist depot used for prostate cancer, endometriosis and precocious puberty.

An intranasal GnRH agonist for endometriosis and central precocious puberty.

A GnRH agonist used in Europe for prostate cancer and fertility protocols.

A GnRH agonist implant used for prostate and breast cancer and endometriosis.

A GnRH antagonist used in IVF to prevent premature LH surges.

A GnRH antagonist used in IVF protocols, similar to cetrorelix.

A GnRH antagonist approved for advanced prostate cancer.

A two-peptide topical complex combining matrikine signaling fragments for collagen support.

A topical matrikine peptide targeting six matrix components including collagen I, III and IV.

The original 'topical botox' peptide for expression lines.

A topical peptide mimicking temple-viper venom's waglerin-1 for expression-line relaxation.

A lipophilic GHK analog used topically for skin repair and firmness.

An anti-inflammatory matrikine peptide paired with Pal-GHK in Matrixyl 3000.

A topical peptide that activates TGF-β to boost collagen synthesis.

A hair-anchoring peptide used in topical anti-hair-loss formulations.

A biotin-conjugated GHK peptide used in lash and hair products.

The keratin-boosting peptide behind most peptide lash serums.

A cosmetic peptide marketed for skin elasticity and anti-aging.

The 53-aa growth factor used topically for skin regeneration and in research for wound healing.

A cosmetic designation for IGF-like peptides used in topical anti-aging formulas.

A de-puffing eye-area peptide reducing fluid accumulation under the eyes.

The copper-free form of GHK, used topically as a matrikine repair signal.

A brightening peptide that reduces hyperpigmentation in topical formulas.

A locally acting myostatin-pathway decoy receptor developed for focal muscle weakness.

The natural inhibitory pro-domain of myostatin, used in research to block myostatin activity.

A non-peptide estrogen-related-receptor agonist studied as an 'exercise in a pill' compound.

A PPARδ agonist 'exercise mimetic' abandoned in development over cancer findings in rodents.

A REV-ERB agonist research compound studied for circadian and metabolic effects.

The best-known recovery pairing for soft-tissue repair.

Wolverine stack plus copper-peptide remodeling support.

Alternate vendor name for the classic BPC/TB soft-tissue pairing.

Alternate vendor name for the triple repair blend (same composition as Super Wolverine / GLOW family).

A recovery blend adding ARA-290's nerve and anti-inflammatory support for joint complaints.

Vendor name for the BPC/TB pairing marketed at tendon and ligament research.

A recovery-plus-GH blend combining soft-tissue peptides with the classic secretagogue pair.

A four-way repair blend adding KPV's anti-inflammatory action.

A gut/inflammation-focused blend combining antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and repair peptides.

An enhanced KLOW blend with an additional ingredient that varies by supplier.

Vendor name for the classic GHRH + GHRP secretagogue pairing.

A milder secretagogue pairing using the short GHRH fragment sermorelin.

Vendor name for the CJC/IPA secretagogue pairing.

A GH-plus-fat-loss blend adding the lipolytic fragment AOD-9604.

An evening blend pairing the secretagogues with the sleep peptide DSIP.

A classic research pairing of Mod GRF with a hunger-active GHRP.

The most potent secretagogue pairing, typically run short to avoid desensitization.

A three-way GH blend layering two ghrelin mimetics onto a GHRH analog.

The classic Russian nootropic pairing of stimulating Semax with anxiolytic Selank.

Focus/calm pairing plus DSIP for evening sleep support.

Vendor name for the Semax/Selank daytime pairing.

Vendor name for the Semax/Selank pairing marketed at calm productivity.

An evening blend combining the sleep peptide with the pineal bioregulator.

A neurotrophic blend adding injectable Cerebrolysin to the intranasal nootropic pair.

The stabilized-variant version of the Semax/Selank pairing.

Vendor name for the Epitalon/DSIP sleep-and-longevity pairing.

A blend targeting brain function, mitochondrial metabolism and pineal aging together.

The core mitochondrial pairing of a signaling peptide with a membrane stabilizer.

The Mito Stack plus humanin for broader mitochondrial-derived-peptide coverage.

A two-part geroprotector blend of pineal and mitochondrial peptides.

Longevity Stack plus SS-31 mitochondrial membrane support.

A metabolic-energy blend combining AMPK activation with NAD+ replenishment.

A skin-and-longevity blend of the pineal peptide with the copper peptide.

An experimental stack pairing the senolytic peptide with mitochondrial support.

A repair blend combining copper-peptide remodeling with mitochondrial support.

Acetic acid water solution used for reconstitution of specific peptide compounds.

Enhanced Semax derivative studied for cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection.

Albiglutide (marketed as Tanzeum in the US and Eperzan in Europe by GlaxoSmithKline) was a once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA in 2014. It fuses GLP-1 to human albumin, creating an extended-release formulation with a half-life of approximately 5 days. Despite proven efficacy and a favorable cardiovascular outcome profile demonstrated in the HARMONY Outcomes trial (which showed significant reduction in MACE vs placebo), GlaxoSmithKline withdrew albiglutide from the market in 2018 for commercial — not safety — reasons, citing intense competition in the GLP-1 space. It is documented here for completeness of the GLP-1 class history and for members who may encounter it in medical literature.

Prostaglandin E1 studied for erectile dysfunction and vascular health applications.

Bacteriostatic water containing antimicrobial preservative for peptide reconstitution.

A cardioprotective peptide studied for its potential to support cardiac and connective tissue health.

Modified GRF (1-29) that stimulates natural growth hormone release without DAC conjugation for shorter half-life.

Higher-dose Cagrilintide and Semaglutide combination for advanced weight loss research protocols.

Peptide bioregulator studied for cartilage and joint tissue health.

Porcine brain-derived peptide preparation studied for neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement.

Efpeglenatide is a long-acting, once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist based on the exendin-4 scaffold (same origin as exenatide), developed by Hanmi Pharmaceuticals and licensed to Sanofi. It uses PEGylation to extend its half-life to approximately one week. The AMPLITUDE-O cardiovascular outcomes trial demonstrated significant reductions in MACE (cardiovascular death, heart attack, stroke) and kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk — even in patients not on background SGLT2 inhibitor therapy. This established efpeglenatide as having robust cardiorenal protective properties. While regulatory approval was delayed and the commercial path remains uncertain, efpeglenatide's outcome data cement its place as a significant agent in the GLP-1 class literature.

A senolytic peptide designed to selectively clear senescent (aged) cells, supporting healthy aging.

Peptide targeting white fat tissue vasculature studied for fat reduction and metabolic health.

GLOW is a pre-blended peptide formula combining three well-studied compounds in a single vial: GHK-Cu (a copper-binding peptide that stimulates collagen and elastin production for skin and tissue remodeling), BPC-157 (a gastric pentadecapeptide that promotes angiogenesis and accelerates repair of tendons, ligaments, muscle, and gut tissue), and TB-500 (a thymosin beta-4 fragment that regulates actin, drives cell migration to injury sites, and supports systemic tissue healing). The three peptides target complementary parts of the healing and tissue-remodeling process, making GLOW popular for skin rejuvenation, injury recovery, and general regenerative support. It is the predecessor to the KLOW blend, which adds KPV for additional anti-inflammatory action.

Recombinant human growth hormone (191 amino acids) studied for growth, recovery, and anti-aging.

Vitamin and nutrient blend studied for supporting hair, skin, and nail health.

Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone tripeptide studied for anti-inflammatory and immune modulation.

Lipo-C (also known as Lipotropic C or MIC+C) is a compounded injectable blend of lipotropic agents — most commonly Methionine, Inositol, Choline, and Vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Some formulations also include B vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B12), L-Carnitine, and other co-factors. Lipotropic compounds work synergistically to facilitate the breakdown and removal of fat from the liver, support bile production, and enhance the transport of fatty acids for energy use. Lipo-C is widely used alongside diet and exercise protocols to support weight loss, improve energy levels, and enhance liver detoxification pathways.

A melanocyte-stimulating peptide studied for tanning and potential skin protective effects.

Melanotan II is a synthetic analog of alpha-MSH that non-selectively activates melanocortin receptors (MC1R through MC5R). Its sexual effects stem primarily from MC3R and MC4R activation in the hypothalamus and limbic system, producing powerful and spontaneous arousal, erections, and sexual motivation — often more potent than its successor PT-141. It also activates MC1R in melanocytes, producing a tanning effect without UV exposure. Originally developed as a potential tanning agent, its strong pro-erectile and libido-enhancing effects led to significant research interest. While PT-141 (Bremelanotide) was developed as a more selective and better-tolerated derivative, MT-II remains in use for its particularly strong sexual effects, though it carries a higher side effect burden.

Natural hormone regulating circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycles; studied for sleep optimization.

Modified Epitalon derivative studied for telomere length support and anti-aging.

Neuropeptide studied for regulation of sleep-wake cycles and energy homeostasis.

Orforglipron (developed by Eli Lilly) is a first-in-class oral non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonist — meaning it is a small molecule that activates GLP-1 receptors without being a peptide itself. Unlike oral semaglutide (Rybelsus), which requires strict fasting conditions and has limited bioavailability, orforglipron can be taken at any time without food restrictions. In Phase 2 GZLD trials, orforglipron produced approximately 14.7% body weight reduction over 36 weeks in adults with obesity — comparable to injectable semaglutide. It also demonstrated significant HbA1c reductions in patients with type 2 diabetes. As a fully oral agent with no injection burden, orforglipron has the potential to dramatically expand access to GLP-1 class therapy. Phase 3 trials are underway.

Synthetic peptide studied for selective targeting of cancer cells via membrane disruption.

Lipolytic injection formulation studied for localized fat reduction.

Relaxation blend studied for sleep support, calming effects, and nighttime recovery.

Balanced combination of Retatrutide and Cagrilintide for metabolic research and body composition optimization.

Amino acid blend studied for nitric oxide production, circulation, and overall wellness support.

Rybelsus is the oral formulation of semaglutide, co-formulated with SNAC (sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]caprylate), a proprietary absorption enhancer that enables GLP-1 peptide absorption through the gastric mucosa — a significant pharmaceutical achievement, as peptides are typically destroyed in the GI tract. Approved by the FDA in 2019, Rybelsus was the first oral GLP-1 receptor agonist. It requires strict fasting conditions: taken at least 30 minutes before any food, drink (other than plain water, up to 4 oz), or other medications to achieve adequate absorption. While its bioavailability is lower than injectable semaglutide, Phase 3 PIONEER trials showed significant HbA1c reduction and modest weight loss. It is primarily used for type 2 diabetes management in patients who prefer to avoid injections, though Wegovy (injectable) remains the preferred formulation for weight management.

Bacteriostatic sterile water for injection used for reconstitution of peptide compounds.

Synthetic Thymosin Beta-4 peptide studied for tissue repair, wound healing, and inflammation reduction.

Combination of Tesamorelin and Ipamorelin for synergistic growth hormone release research.

Peptide bioregulator studied for testosterone support and hormonal balance.

TB-500 is a synthetic version of Thymosin Beta-4, a naturally occurring peptide found in virtually all human cells. It promotes actin polymerization, cell migration, angiogenesis, and has potent anti-inflammatory effects across tissues.

GnRH agonist studied for hormone regulation and reproductive health.